Historical Voyages to the Philippines:
Historical Voyages to the Philippines:
Ferdinand Magellan’s Expedition (1519) – A Portuguese, led the Spanish expedition which led to the rediscovery of the Philippines. On August 10, 1519, he left Seville, Spain in search of the Spice Islands.
The expedition consisted of 5 ships: Trinidad (flagship), San Antonio, Conception, Victoria and Santiago. The crew of 265 men were composed of Spanish, Portuguese, Italians, French, Negroes, Moors, a German, and Englishman and a Malay from Malacca now called Malaysia (Magellan’s slave – Enrique).
They sailed from Seville to the port of San Lucar. The voyage began September 20, 1519. They reach the Canares, sailed along the coast of Africa, crossed the Atlantic (the ship Santiago was wrecked by storm at Rio de Santa Cruz),
discovered the strait later know as the Strait of Magellan where the ship San Antonio deserted and returned to Spain, crossed the Pacific Ocean with just 3 ships, reach Guam, sailed further till they discover the Philippines islet of Homonhon.
They landed there on March 16, 1521 and saw the first Filipinos. They left the Islet and sailed for Limasawa on Holy Thursday March 28, 1521, was welcomed by Rajah Kolambu and the next day they made the first treaty of friendship by sealing it with a blood compact.
Easter Sunday March 31, 1521 the first Christian Mass was celebrated by Fr. Pedro Valderama on the shores of Limasawa and called the country “Archipelago of San Lazarus”. Magellan heard of the rich kingdom of Zubu from Rajah Kolabu sa he wanted to go there.
The King Limasawa guided him. They entered the port of Cebu on April 7, 1521. Sent his Malay slave ashore to express his greetings to the King, and to ask permission to land. Rajah Humabon accepted his gesture of friendship but ask them to pay the customary dues, which all foreign ship usually paid upon entering the port.
Magellan refused to pay. Humabon was warned by traders of Siam now called Thailand, of the power of European arms, he did not press his demand and allowed them to land. Magellan and Humabon celebrated a blood compact to seal their friendship.
On April 21, 1521 a Mass was held at the shore and Magellan planted a wooden cross. That same day the King and his Queen along with their 800 subjects were baptized. They were requested to burn their pagan idols. Magellan gave the Queen the image of the Sto. Nino (Holy Child of Jesus).
He saw his death in the battle of Mactan. The Victoria reach the port of San Lucar, Spain on September 6, 1522 with only 18 survivors left including Sebastian de El Cano (ship’s commander and Antonio de Pigafetta (the expedition’s chronicler). Magellan’s expedition lasted 2 years, 11 months and 16 days.
It was the first circumnavigation: it proved that the world is round: it enriched man’s knowledge of geography and it paved the way for the Spanish colonization and Christianization of the Philippines.
After Magellan’s death, Duarte Barbosa took over. He was an abusive leader who maltreated Magellan’s slave Enrique, who should have been set free after Magellan’s death (as per Magellan’s last will and testament).
Enrique and King Humabon plotted the massacre of the Spaniards after getting them drunk. The 115 survivors left with the ships the Trinidad and Victoria. The Conception was burned in Bohol for lack of men to navigate it. The Portuguese tried to capture the Victoria but failed.
Enrique de Malacca –
He is our first “labor Export”, the first man, a Malay by Heritage and a Cebuano by birth, to circumnavigate the world as a result. Enrique’s route; he started off in Cebu, then to Malacca, India, Africa, Portugal, Spain, Guam, and Home – a full circle around the world.
Enrique de Malacca was born in a southern, coastal town in Cebu. His early life was unknown, but it said to be fishing off the southern coast of Cebu when he was captured by pirates.
There was a bustling slave trade in Malacca (now Malaysia), a Portuguese colony. It was to a slave center in this Portuguese satellite that Enrique landed. Magellan, bought Enrique as his personal slave. He named him Enrique de Malacca.
Enrique who knew the language of trade, Bisaya, became Magellan’s interpreter in the court of Rajah Humabon in 1521. At the time Magellan came in 1521, Malay was widely understood and was the language used in negotiations with the King of Cebu.
The trader King of Sugbu, who dominated international trade, exacted tributes from ships that anchored from the port of Sugbu. At the battle of Mactan, Enrique saw his master, Magellan fall at the sword of Lapu-lapu. He decided not to return to Spain as a slave.
A. Loaisa’s Expedition (1525) –
After shipwreck and succeeding deaths of the commanders, they reached Mindanao but failed to go to Cebu due to strong winds that drove them to the Moluccas.
B. Cabut’s Expedition (1526) –
It failed to find the way to the Pacific due to the mutiny of the crew and Indian attacks. It returned to Spain.
C. Saavedra’s Expedition (1527) –
Prepared by Mexico by Cortes (Spanish conqueror of Mexico) on orders of King Charles I, this may be said as the first Mexican expedition to the Philippines. Its objectives were to find out what happened to the Spaniards who had been left in Cebu in 1521:
to look for the Trinidad which failed to reach Panama: to inquire what happen to the Cubot’s expedition and to find out what happened to Loaisa’s expedition. After shipwreckage, they reach Mindanao and tried to go to Cebu but were blown by wind to tidore where they found the survivors from the loaisa’s expedition. They were captured by the Portuguese.
D. Villalobos Expedition (1542) – They were to explore and colonize the Philippines; establish friendly relations with the natives; encourage the spread of Christianity; and find the return route to Mexico. They befriended King Makandula of Tandaya Island (Samar) and named the island Filipina in Honor of Prince Felipe of Austurias. Later, the whole group of islands came to be called “Las Islas Filipinas”. This was the only achievement of Villalobos. He failed to colonize the Philippines.
E. Legaspi’s Expedition (1564) – Led by Miguel Lopez de Legaspi and Fr. Andres de Urdaneta, the expedition left Mexico on November 21, 1564 with 4 ships (San Pedro, the flagship) and 380 men.
They were instructed to colonize the Philippine; convert the people to Christianity and find a return route to Mexico. Legaspi reach Cebu on February 13, 1565 but did not land due to the hostilities of the native.
Instead, he sailed to other islands (Leyte and Limasawa), tried to reach Mindanao but was windblown to Bohol. On March 16, he made a blood compact with the friendly King of Bohol, Rajah Sikatuna and a few days later, with another King Rajah Sigala. From Bohol, Legazpi sailed to Cebu and arrived on April 27, 1565.
Rajah Tupas, son of Humabon defied and fought the Spaniards but lost and escaped. The next day Juan de Camus discovered the Image of the Sto. Nino in a burned Cebuano house. Legaspi established the first Spanish settlement, which he named the “City of the Most Holy name of Jesus”.
Legazpi was a kind and wise colonizer. He offered peace and friendship to King Tupas and forgave the Cebuanos for resisting his landing. He invite them to rebuild their homes. King Tupas was convince of Legazpi’s sincerity. He returned with his people and live in peace with the Spaniards. On June 4, 1565, Tupas and Legazpi signed a peace treaty, the first Fil-Spanish Treaty in History.
Ferdinand Magellan’s Expedition (1519) – A Portuguese, led the Spanish expedition which led to the rediscovery of the Philippines. On August 10, 1519, he left Seville, Spain in search of the Spice Islands.
The expedition consisted of 5 ships: Trinidad (flagship), San Antonio, Conception, Victoria and Santiago. The crew of 265 men were composed of Spanish, Portuguese, Italians, French, Negroes, Moors, a German, and Englishman and a Malay from Malacca now called Malaysia (Magellan’s slave – Enrique).
They sailed from Seville to the port of San Lucar. The voyage began September 20, 1519. They reach the Canares, sailed along the coast of Africa, crossed the Atlantic (the ship Santiago was wrecked by storm at Rio de Santa Cruz),
discovered the strait later know as the Strait of Magellan where the ship San Antonio deserted and returned to Spain, crossed the Pacific Ocean with just 3 ships, reach Guam, sailed further till they discover the Philippines islet of Homonhon.
They landed there on March 16, 1521 and saw the first Filipinos. They left the Islet and sailed for Limasawa on Holy Thursday March 28, 1521, was welcomed by Rajah Kolambu and the next day they made the first treaty of friendship by sealing it with a blood compact.
Easter Sunday March 31, 1521 the first Christian Mass was celebrated by Fr. Pedro Valderama on the shores of Limasawa and called the country “Archipelago of San Lazarus”. Magellan heard of the rich kingdom of Zubu from Rajah Kolabu sa he wanted to go there.
The King Limasawa guided him. They entered the port of Cebu on April 7, 1521. Sent his Malay slave ashore to express his greetings to the King, and to ask permission to land. Rajah Humabon accepted his gesture of friendship but ask them to pay the customary dues, which all foreign ship usually paid upon entering the port.
Magellan refused to pay. Humabon was warned by traders of Siam now called Thailand, of the power of European arms, he did not press his demand and allowed them to land. Magellan and Humabon celebrated a blood compact to seal their friendship.
On April 21, 1521 a Mass was held at the shore and Magellan planted a wooden cross. That same day the King and his Queen along with their 800 subjects were baptized. They were requested to burn their pagan idols. Magellan gave the Queen the image of the Sto. Nino (Holy Child of Jesus).
He saw his death in the battle of Mactan. The Victoria reach the port of San Lucar, Spain on September 6, 1522 with only 18 survivors left including Sebastian de El Cano (ship’s commander and Antonio de Pigafetta (the expedition’s chronicler). Magellan’s expedition lasted 2 years, 11 months and 16 days.
It was the first circumnavigation: it proved that the world is round: it enriched man’s knowledge of geography and it paved the way for the Spanish colonization and Christianization of the Philippines.
After Magellan’s death, Duarte Barbosa took over. He was an abusive leader who maltreated Magellan’s slave Enrique, who should have been set free after Magellan’s death (as per Magellan’s last will and testament).
Enrique and King Humabon plotted the massacre of the Spaniards after getting them drunk. The 115 survivors left with the ships the Trinidad and Victoria. The Conception was burned in Bohol for lack of men to navigate it. The Portuguese tried to capture the Victoria but failed.
Enrique de Malacca –
He is our first “labor Export”, the first man, a Malay by Heritage and a Cebuano by birth, to circumnavigate the world as a result. Enrique’s route; he started off in Cebu, then to Malacca, India, Africa, Portugal, Spain, Guam, and Home – a full circle around the world.
Enrique de Malacca was born in a southern, coastal town in Cebu. His early life was unknown, but it said to be fishing off the southern coast of Cebu when he was captured by pirates.
There was a bustling slave trade in Malacca (now Malaysia), a Portuguese colony. It was to a slave center in this Portuguese satellite that Enrique landed. Magellan, bought Enrique as his personal slave. He named him Enrique de Malacca.
Enrique who knew the language of trade, Bisaya, became Magellan’s interpreter in the court of Rajah Humabon in 1521. At the time Magellan came in 1521, Malay was widely understood and was the language used in negotiations with the King of Cebu.
The trader King of Sugbu, who dominated international trade, exacted tributes from ships that anchored from the port of Sugbu. At the battle of Mactan, Enrique saw his master, Magellan fall at the sword of Lapu-lapu. He decided not to return to Spain as a slave.
A. Loaisa’s Expedition (1525) –
After shipwreck and succeeding deaths of the commanders, they reached Mindanao but failed to go to Cebu due to strong winds that drove them to the Moluccas.
B. Cabut’s Expedition (1526) –
It failed to find the way to the Pacific due to the mutiny of the crew and Indian attacks. It returned to Spain.
C. Saavedra’s Expedition (1527) –
Prepared by Mexico by Cortes (Spanish conqueror of Mexico) on orders of King Charles I, this may be said as the first Mexican expedition to the Philippines. Its objectives were to find out what happened to the Spaniards who had been left in Cebu in 1521:
to look for the Trinidad which failed to reach Panama: to inquire what happen to the Cubot’s expedition and to find out what happened to Loaisa’s expedition. After shipwreckage, they reach Mindanao and tried to go to Cebu but were blown by wind to tidore where they found the survivors from the loaisa’s expedition. They were captured by the Portuguese.
D. Villalobos Expedition (1542) – They were to explore and colonize the Philippines; establish friendly relations with the natives; encourage the spread of Christianity; and find the return route to Mexico. They befriended King Makandula of Tandaya Island (Samar) and named the island Filipina in Honor of Prince Felipe of Austurias. Later, the whole group of islands came to be called “Las Islas Filipinas”. This was the only achievement of Villalobos. He failed to colonize the Philippines.
E. Legaspi’s Expedition (1564) – Led by Miguel Lopez de Legaspi and Fr. Andres de Urdaneta, the expedition left Mexico on November 21, 1564 with 4 ships (San Pedro, the flagship) and 380 men.
They were instructed to colonize the Philippine; convert the people to Christianity and find a return route to Mexico. Legaspi reach Cebu on February 13, 1565 but did not land due to the hostilities of the native.
Instead, he sailed to other islands (Leyte and Limasawa), tried to reach Mindanao but was windblown to Bohol. On March 16, he made a blood compact with the friendly King of Bohol, Rajah Sikatuna and a few days later, with another King Rajah Sigala. From Bohol, Legazpi sailed to Cebu and arrived on April 27, 1565.
Rajah Tupas, son of Humabon defied and fought the Spaniards but lost and escaped. The next day Juan de Camus discovered the Image of the Sto. Nino in a burned Cebuano house. Legaspi established the first Spanish settlement, which he named the “City of the Most Holy name of Jesus”.
Legazpi was a kind and wise colonizer. He offered peace and friendship to King Tupas and forgave the Cebuanos for resisting his landing. He invite them to rebuild their homes. King Tupas was convince of Legazpi’s sincerity. He returned with his people and live in peace with the Spaniards. On June 4, 1565, Tupas and Legazpi signed a peace treaty, the first Fil-Spanish Treaty in History.
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